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Reader | Iliad, Book 20

Iliad

Homer

Book 20 | Primary edition: George Chapman

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Line 1 of 450

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Line RefGeorge Chapman | English
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The Greeks thus arm'd, and made insatiate with desire of fight,

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About thee, Peleus' son, the foe, in ground of greatest height,

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Stood opposite, rang'd. Then Jove charg'd Themis from Olympus' top

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To call a court. She ev'ry way dispers'd, and summon'd up

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All Deities; not any flood, besides Oceanus,

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But made appearance; not a nymph (that arbours odorous,

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The heads of floods, and flow'ry meadows, make their sweet abodes)

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Was absent there; but all at his court, that is King of Gods,

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Assembled, and, in lightsome seats of admirable frame,

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Perform'd for Jove by Vulcan, sat. Ev'n angry Neptune came,

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Nor heard the Goddess with unwilling ear, but with the rest

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Made free ascension from the sea, and did his state invest

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In midst of all, began the council, and inquir'd of Jove

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His reason for that sessión, and on what point did move

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His high intention for the foes; he thought the heat of war

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Was then near breaking out in flames? To him the Thunderer:

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“Thou knowest this council by the rest of those fore-purposes

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That still inclin'd me; my cares still must succour the distress

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Of Troy; though in the mouth of Fate, yet vow I not to stir

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One step from off this top of heav'n, but all th' affair refer

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To anyone. Here I'll hold state, and freely take the joy

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Of either's fate. Help whom ye please; for 'tis assur'd that Troy

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Not one day's conflict can sustain against Æacides,

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If Heav'n oppose not. His mere looks threw darts enow t' impress

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Their pow'rs with trembling; but when blows, sent from his fi'ry hand,

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(Thrice heat by slaughter of his friend) shall come and countermand

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Their former glories, we have fear, that though Fate keep their wall,

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He'll overturn it. Then descend; and cease not till ye all

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Add all your aids; mix earth and heav'n together with the fight

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Achilles urgeth.” These his words did such a war excite

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As no man's pow'r could wrastle down; the Gods with parted hearts

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Departed heav'n, and made earth war. To guide the Grecian darts,

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Juno and Pallas, with the God that doth the earth embrace,

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And most-for-man's-use Mercury (whom good wise inwards grace)

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Were partially and all employ'd; and with them halted down

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(Proud of his strength) lame Mulciber, his walkers quite misgrown,

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But made him tread exceeding sure. To aid the Ilian side,

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The changeable in arms went, Mars; and him accompanied

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Diana that delights in shafts, and Phœbus never shorn,

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And Aphrodite laughter-pleas'd, and She of whom was born

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Still young Apollo, and the Flood that runs on golden sands

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Bright Xanthus. All these aided Troy; and, till these lent their hands,

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The Grecians triumph'd in the aid Æacides did add;

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The Trojans trembling with his sight; so gloriously clad

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He overshin'd the field, and Mars no harmfuller than he,

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He bore the iron stream on clear. But when Jove's high decree

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Let fall the Gods amongst their troops, the field swell'd, and the fight

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Grew fierce and horrible. The Dame, that armies doth excite,

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Thunder'd with clamour, sometimes set at dike without the wall,

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And sometimes on the bellowing shore. On th' other side, the call

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Of Mars to fight was terrible, he cried out like a storm,

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Set on the city's pinnacles; and there he would inform

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Sometimes his heart'nings, other times where Simois pours on

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His silver current at the foot of high Callicolon.

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And thus the bless'd Gods both sides urg'd; they all stood in the mids,

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And brake contention to the hosts. And over all their heads

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The Gods' King in abhorréd claps his thunder rattled out.

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Beneath them Neptune toss'd the earth; the mountains round about

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Bow'd with affright and shook their heads; Jove's hill the earthquake felt,

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(Steep Ida) trembling at her roots, and all her fountains spilt,

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Their brows all crannied; Troy did nod; the Grecian navy play'd

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As on the sea; th' Infernal King, that all things frays, was fray'd,

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And leap'd affrighted from his throne, cried out, lest over him

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Neptune should rend in two the earth, and so his house, so dim,

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So loathsome, filthy, and abhorr'd of all the Gods beside,

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Should open both to Gods and men. Thus all things shook and cried,

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When this black battle of the Gods was joining. Thus array'd

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'Gainst Neptune, Phœbus with wing'd shafts; 'gainst Mars, the blue-ey'd Maid;

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'Gainst Juno, Phœbe, whose white hands bore singing darts of gold,

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Her side arm'd with a sheaf of shafts, and (by the birth twofold

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Of bright Latona) sister twin to Him that shoots so far.

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Against Latona, Hermes stood, grave guard, in peace and war,

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Of human beings. 'Gainst the God, whose empire is in fire,

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The wat'ry Godhead, that great Flood, to show whose pow'r entire

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In spoil as th' other, all his stream on lurking whirlpits trod,

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Xanthus by Gods, by men Scamander, call'd. Thus God 'gainst God

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Enter'd the field. Æacides sustain'd a fervent mind

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To cope with Hector; past all these, his spirit stood inclin'd

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To glut Mars with the blood of him. And at Æacides

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Apollo sent Anchises' son; but first he did impress

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A more than natural strength in him, and made him feel th' excess

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Infus'd from heav'n; Lycaon's shape gave show to his address,

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(Old Priam's son) and thus he spake: “Thou counsellor of Troy,

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Where now fly out those threats that late put all our peers in joy

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Of thy fight with Æacides? Thy tongue once, steep'd in wine,

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Durst vaunt as much.” He answer'd him: “But why wouldst thou incline

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My pow'rs 'gainst that proud enemy, and 'gainst my present heat?

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I mean not now to bid him blows. That fear sounds my retreat,

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That heretofore discourag'd me, when after he had ras'd

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Lyrnessus, and strong Pedasus, his still breath'd fury chas'd

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Our oxen from th' Idæan hill, and set on me; but Jove

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Gave strength and knees, and bore me off, that had not walk'd above

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This centre now but propp'd by him; Minerva's hand (that held

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A light to this her favourite, whose beams show'd and impell'd

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His pow'rs to spoil) had ruin'd me, for these ears heard her cry:

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'Kill, kill the seed of Ilion, kill th' Asian Lelegi.'

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Mere man then must not fight with him that still hath Gods to friend,

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Averting death on others' darts, and giving his no end

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But with the ends of men. If God like fortune in the fight

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Would give my forces, not with ease wing'd victory should light

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On his proud shoulders, nor he 'scape, though all of brass he boasts

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His plight consisteth.” He replied: “Pray thou those Gods of hosts,

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Whom he implores, as well as he; and his chance may be thine;

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Thou cam'st of Gods like him; the Queen that reigns in Salamine

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Fame sounds thy mother; he deriv'd of lower Deity,

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Old Nereus' daughter bearing him. Bear then thy heart as high,

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And thy unwearied steel as right; nor utterly be beat

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With only cruelty of words, not proof against a threat.”

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This strengthen'd him, and forth he rush'd; nor could his strength'ning fly

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White-wristed Juno, nor his drifts. She ev'ry Deity

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Of th' Achive faction called to her, and said: “Ye must have care,

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Neptune and Pallas, for the frame of this important war

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Ye undertake here. Venus' son, by Phœbus being impell'd,

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Runs on Achilles; turn him back, or see our friend upheld

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By one of us. Let not the spirit of Æacides

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Be over-dar'd, but make him know the mightiest Deities

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Stand kind to him; and that the Gods, protectors of these tow'rs

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That fight against Greece, and were here before our eminent pow'rs,

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Bear no importance. And besides, that all we stoop from heav'n,

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To curb this fight, that no impair be to his person giv'n

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By any Trojans, nor their aids, while this day bears the sun.

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Hereafter, all things that are wrapp'd in his birth-thread, and spun

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By Parcas in that point of time his mother gave him air,

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He must sustain. But if report perform not the repair

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Of all this to him, by the voice of some Immortal State,

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He may be fearful (if some God should set on him) that Fate

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Makes him her minister. The Gods, when they appear to men,

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And manifest their proper forms, are passing dreadful then.”

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Neptune replied: “Saturnia, at no time let your care

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Exceed your reason; 'tis not fit. Where only humans are,

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We must not mix the hands of Gods, our odds is too extreme.

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Sit we by, in some place of height, where we may see to them,

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And leave the wars of men to men. But if we see from thence

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Or Mars or Phœbus enter fight, or offer least offence

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To Thetis' son, not giving free way to his conqu'ring rage,

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Then comes the conflict to our cares; we soon shall disengage

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Achilles, and send them to heav'n, to settle their abode

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With equals, flying under-strifes.” This said, the black-hair'd God

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Led to the tow'r of Hercules, built circular and high

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By Pallas and the Ilians, for fit security

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To Jove's divine son 'gainst the whale, that drave him from the shore

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To th' ample field. There Neptune sat, and all the Gods that bore

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The Greeks good meaning, casting all thick mantles made of clouds

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On their bright shoulders. Th' oppos'd Gods sat hid in other shrouds

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On top of steep Callicolon, about thy golden sides,

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O Phœbus, brandisher of darts, and thine, whose rage abides

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No peace in cities. In this state, these Gods in council sate,

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All ling'ring purpos'd fight, to try who first would elevate

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His heav'nly weapon. High-thron'd Jove cried out to set them on,

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Said, all the field was full of men, and that the earth did groan

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With feet of proud encounterers, burn'd with the arms of men

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And barbed horse. Two champions for both the armies then

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Met in their midst prepar'd for blows; divine Æacides,

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And Venus' son. Æneas first stepp'd threat'ning forth the prease,

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His high helm nodding, and his breast barr'd with a shady shield,

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And shook his jav'lin. Thetis' son did his part to the field.

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As when the harmful king of beasts (sore threaten'd to be slain

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By all the country up in arms) at first makes coy disdain

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Prepare resistance, but at last, when anyone hath led

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Bold charge upon him with his dart, he then turns yawning head,

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Fell anger lathers in his jaws, his great heart swells, his stern

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Lasheth his strength up, sides and thighs waddled with stripes to learn

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Their own pow'r, his eyes glow, he roars, and in he leaps to kill,

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Secure of killing; so his pow'r then rous'd up to his will

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Matchless Achilles, coming on to meet Anchises' son.

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Both near, Achilles thus inquir'd: “Why stand'st thou thus alone,

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Thou son of Venus? Calls thy heart to change of blows with me?

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Sure Troy's whole kingdom is propos'd: some one hath promis'd thee

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The throne of Priam for my life; but Priam's self is wise,

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And, for my slaughter, not so mad to make his throne thy prise.

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Priam hath sons to second him. Is't then some piece of land,

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Past others fit to set and sow, that thy victorious hand

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The Ilians offer for my head? I hope that prise will prove

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No easy conquest. Once, I think, my busy jav'lin drove,

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With terror, those thoughts from your spleen. Retain'st thou not the time,

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When single on th' Idæan hill I took thee with the crime

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Of runaway, thy oxen left, and when thou hadst no face

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That I could see; thy knees bereft it, and Lyrnessus was

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The mask for that? Then that mask, too, I open'd to the air

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(By Jove and Pallas' help) and took the free light from the fair,

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Your ladies bearing prisoners; but Jove and th' other Gods

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Then saft thee. Yet again I hope, they will not add their odds

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To save thy wants, as thou presum'st. Retire then, aim not at

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Troy's throne by me; fly ere thy soul flies; fools are wise too late.”

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He answer'd him: “Hope not that words can child-like terrify

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My stroke-proof breast. I well could speak in this indecency,

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And use tart terms; but we know well what stock us both put out,

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Too gentle to bear fruits so rude. Our parents ring about

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The world's round bosom, and by fame their dignities are blown

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To both our knowledges, by sight neither to either known,

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Thine to mine eyes, nor mine to thine. Fame sounds thy worthiness

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From famous Peleus; the sea-nymph, that hath the lovely tress,

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Thetis, thy mother; I myself affirm my sire to be

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Great-soul'd Anchises; she that holds the Paphian Deity,

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My mother. And of these this light is now t' exhale the tears

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For their lov'd issue; thee or me; childish, unworthy, dares

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Are not enough to part our pow'rs; for if thy spirits want

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Due excitation, by distrust of that desert I vaunt,

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To set up all rests for my life, I'll lineally prove

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(Which many will confirm) my race. First, cloud-commanding Jove

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Was sire to Dardanus, that built Dardania; for the walls

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Of sacred Ilion spread not yet these fields; those fair-built halls

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Of divers-languag'd men, not rais'd; all then made populous

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The foot of Ida's fountful hill. This Jove-got Dardanus

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Begot king Erichthonius, for wealth past all compares

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Of living mortals; in his fens he fed three thousand mares,

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All neighing by their tender foals, of which twice-six were bred

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By lofty Boreas, their dams lov'd by him as they fed,

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He took the brave form of a horse that shook an azure mane,

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And slept with them. These twice-six colts had pace so swift, they ran

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Upon the top-ayles of corn-ears, nor bent them any whit;

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And when the broad back of the sea their pleasure was to sit,

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The superficies of his waves they slid upon, their hoves

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Not dipp'd in dank sweat of his brows. Of Erichthonius' loves

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Sprang Tros, the king of Trojans. Tros three young princes bred,

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Ilus, renown'd Assaracus, and heav'nly Ganymed

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The fairest youth of all that breath'd, whom, for his beauty's love,

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The Gods did ravish to their state, to bear the cup to Jove.

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Ilus begot Laomedon, God-like Laomedon

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Got Tithon, Priam, Clytius, Mars-like Hycetaon,

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And Lampus. Great Assaracus, Capys begot; and he

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Anchises. Prince Anchises, me. King Priam, Hector. We

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Sprang both of one high family. Thus fortunate men give birth,

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But Jove gives virtue; he augments, and he impairs the worth

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Of all men; and his will their rule; he, strong'st, all strength affords.

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Why then paint we, like dames, the face of conflict with our words?

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Both may give language that a ship, driv'n with a hundred oars,

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Would overburthen. A man's tongue is voluble, and pours

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Words out of all sorts ev'ry way. Such as you speak you hear.

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What then need we vie calumnies, like women that will wear

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Their tongues out, being once incens'd, and strive for strife to part

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(Being on their way) they travel so? From words, words may avert;

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From virtue, not. It is your steel, divine Æacides,

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Must prove my proof, as mine shall yours.” Thus amply did he ease

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His great heart of his pedigree; and sharply sent away

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A dart that caught Achilles' shield, and rung so it did fray

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The son of Thetis, his fair hand far-thrusting out his shield,

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For fear the long lance had driv'n through. O fool, to think 'twould yield,

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And not to know the God's firm gifts want want to yield so soon

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To men's poor pow'rs. The eager lance had only conquest won

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Of two plates, and the shield had five, two forg'd of tin, two brass,

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One, that was centre-plate, of gold; and that forbad the pass

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Of Anchisiades's lance. Then sent Achilles forth

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His lance, that through the first fold strook, where brass of little worth

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And no great proof of hides was laid; through all which Pelias ran

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His iron head, and after it his ashen body wan

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Pass to the earth, and there it stuck, his top on th' other side,

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And hung the shield up; which hard down Æneas pluck'd, to hide

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His breast from sword blows, shrunk up round, and in his heavy eye

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Was much grief shadow'd, much afraid that Pelias stuck so nigh.

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Then prompt Achilles rushing in, his sword drew; and the field

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Rung with his voice. Æneas now, left and let hang his shield,

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And all-distracted, up he snatch'd a two-men's strength of stone,

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And either at his shield or casque he set it rudely gone,

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Nor car'd where, so it strook a place that put on arms for death.

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But he (Achilles came so close) had doubtless sunk beneath

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His own death had not Neptune seen and interpos'd the odds

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Of his divine pow'r, utt'ring this to the Achaian Gods:

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“I grieve for this great-hearted man; he will be sent to hell,

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Ev'n instantly, by Peleus' son, being only mov'd to deal

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By Phœbus' words. What fool is he! Phœbus did never mean

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To add to his great words his guard against the ruin then

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Summon'd against him. And what cause, hath he to head him on

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To others' mis'ries, he being clear of any trespass done

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Against the Grecians? Thankful gifts he oft hath giv'n to us.

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Let us then quit him, and withdraw this combat; for if thus

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Achilles end him, Jove will rage; since his escape in fate

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Is purpos'd, lest the progeny of Dardanus take date,

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Whom Jove, past all his issue, lov'd, begot of mortal dames.

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All Priam's race he hates; and this must propagate the names

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Of Trojans, and their sons' sons' rule, to all posterity.”

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Saturnia said: “Make free your pleasure. Save, or let him die.

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Pallas and I have taken many, and most public, oaths,

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That th' ill day never shall avert her eye, red with our wroths,

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From hated Troy; no, not when all in studied fire she flames

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The Greek rage, blowing her last coal.” This nothing turn'd his aims

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From present rescue, but through all the whizzing spears he pass'd,

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And came where both were combating; when instantly he cast

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A mist before Achilles' eyes, drew from the earth and shield

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His lance, and laid it at his feet; and then took up and held

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Aloft the light Anchises' son, who pass'd, with Neptune's force,

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Whole orders of heroës' heads, and many a troop of horse

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Leap'd over, till the bounds he reach'd of all the fervent broil,

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Where all the Caucons' quarters lay. Thus, far freed from the toil,

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Neptune had time to use these words: “Æneas, who was he

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Of all the Gods, that did so much neglect thy good and thee

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To urge thy fight with Thetis' son, who in immortal rates

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Is better and more dear than thee? Hereafter, lest, past fates,

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Hell be thy headlong home, retire, make bold stand never near

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Where he advanceth. But his fate once satisfied, then bear

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A free and full sail; no Greek else shall end thee.” This reveal'd,

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He left him, and dispers'd the cloud, that all this act conceal'd

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From vex'd Achilles; who again had clear light from the skies,

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And, much disdaining the escape, said: “O ye Gods, mine eyes

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Discover miracles! My lance submitted, and he gone

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At whom I sent it with desire of his confusion!

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Æneas sure was lov'd of heav'n. I thought his vaunt from thence

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Had flow'd from glory. Let him go, no more experience

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Will his mind long for of my hands, he flies them now so clear.

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Cheer then the Greeks, and others try.” Thus rang'd he ev'rywhere

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The Grecian orders; ev'ry man (of which the most look'd on

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To see their fresh lord shake his lance) he thus put charge upon:

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“Divine Greeks, stand not thus at gaze, but man to man apply

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Your sev'ral valours. 'Tis a task laid too unequally

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On me left to so many men, one man oppos'd to all.

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Not Mars, immortal and a God, not war's She-General,

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A field of so much fight could chase, and work it out with blows.

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But what a man may execute, that all limbs will expose,

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And all their strength to th' utmost nerve (though now I lost some play

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By some strange miracle) no more shall burn in vain the day

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To any least beam. All this host, I'll ransack, and have hope,

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Of all not one again will scape, whoever gives such scope

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To his adventure, and so near dares tempt my angry lance.”

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Thus he excited. Hector then as much strives to advance

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The hearts of his men, adding threats, affirming he would stand

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In combat with Æacides: “Give fear,” said he, “no hand

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Of your great hearts, brave Ilians, for Peleus' talking son,

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I'll fight with any God with words; but when their spears put on,

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The work runs high, their strength exceeds mortality so far,

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And they may make works crown their words; which holds not in the war

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Achilles makes; his hands have bounds; this word he shall make good,

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And leave another to the field. His worst shall be withstood

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With sole objection of myself; though in his hands he bear

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A rage like fire, though fire itself his raging fingers were,

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And burning steel flew in his strength.” Thus he incited his;

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And they rais'd lances, and to work with mixéd courages;

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And up flew Clamour. But the heat in Hector, Phœbus gave

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This temper: “Do not meet,” said he, “in any single brave

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The man thou threaten'st, but in press; and in thy strength impeach

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His violence; for, far off, or near, his sword or dart will reach.”

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The God's voice made a difference in Hector's own conceit

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Betwixt his and Achilles' words, and gave such over-weight

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As weigh'd him back into his strength, and curb'd his flying out.

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At all threw fierce Æacides, and gave a horrid shout.

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The first, of all he put to dart, was fierce Iphition,

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Surnam'd Otryntides, whom Nais the water-nymph made son

337

Primary

To town-destroy'r Otrynteüs. Beneath the snowy hill

338

Primary

Of Tmolus, in the wealthy town of Hyda, at his will

339

Primary

Were many able men at arms. He, rushing in, took full

340

Primary

Pelides' lance in his head's midst, that cleft in two his skull.

341

Primary

Achilles knew him one much fam'd, and thus insulted then:

342

Primary

“Th' art dead, Otryntides, though call'd the terriblest of men.

343

Primary

Thy race runs at Gygæus' lake, there thy inheritance lay,

344

Primary

Near fishy Hyllus and the gulfs of Hermus; but this day

345

Primary

Removes it to the fields of Troy.” Thus left he night to seize

346

Primary

His closéd eyes, his body laid in course of all the prease,

347

Primary

Which Grecian horse broke with the strakes nail'd to their chariot wheels.

348

Primary

Next, through the temples, the burst eyes his deadly jav'lin seels

349

Primary

Of great-in-Troy Antenor's son, renown'd Demoleon,

350

Primary

A mighty turner of a field. His overthrow set gone

351

Primary

Hippodamas; who leap'd from horse, and, as he fled before

352

Primary

Æacides's turnéd back, he made fell Pelias gore,

353

Primary

And forth he puff'd his flying soul. And as a tortur'd bull,

354

Primary

To Neptune brought for sacrifice, a troop of youngsters pull

355

Primary

Down to the earth, and drag him round about the hallow'd shore,

356

Primary

To please the wat'ry Deity with forcing him to roar,

357

Primary

And forth he pours his utmost throat; so bellow'd this slain friend

358

Primary

Of flying Ilion, with the breath that gave his being end.

359

Primary

Then rush'd he on, and in his eye had heav'nly Polydore,

360

Primary

Old Priam's son, whom last of all his fruitful princess bore,

361

Primary

And for his youth, being dear to him, the king forbad to fight.

362

Primary

Yet (hot of unexperienc'd blood, to show how exquisite

363

Primary

He was of foot, for which of all the fifty sons he held

364

Primary

The special name) he flew before the first heat of the field,

365

Primary

Ev'n till he flew out breath and soul; which, through the back, the lance

366

Primary

Of swift Achilles put in air, and did his head advance

367

Primary

Out at his navel. On his knees the poor prince crying fell,

368

Primary

And gather'd with his tender hands his entrails, that did swell

369

Primary

Quite through the wide wound, till a cloud as black as death conceal'd

370

Primary

Their sight, and all the world from him. When Hector had beheld

371

Primary

His brother tumbled so to earth, his entrails still in hand,

372

Primary

Dark sorrow overcast his eyes; nor far off could he stand

373

Primary

A minute longer, but like fire he brake out of the throng,

374

Primary

Shook his long lance at Thetis' son; and then came he along

375

Primary

To feed th' encounter: “O,” said he, “here comes the man that most

376

Primary

Of all the world destroys my mind, the man by whom I lost

377

Primary

My dear Patroclus. Now not long the crooked paths of war

378

Primary

Can yield us any privy scapes. 'Come, keep not off so far,'

379

Primary

He cried to Hector, 'make the pain of thy sure death as short,

380

Primary

As one so desp'rate of his life hath reason.'” In no sort

381

Primary

This frighted Hector, who bore close, and said: “Æacides,

382

Primary

Leave threats for children. I have pow'r to thunder calumnies

383

Primary

As well as others, and well know thy strength superior far

384

Primary

To that my nerves hold; but the Gods, not nerves, determine war.

385

Primary

And yet, for nerves, there will be found a strength of pow'r in mine

386

Primary

To drive a lance home to thy life. My lance as well as thine

387

Primary

Hath point and sharpness, and 'tis this.” Thus brandishing his spear,

388

Primary

He set it flying; which a breath of Pallas back did bear

389

Primary

From Thetis' son to Hector's self, and at his feet it fell.

390

Primary

Achilles us'd no dart, but close flew in; and thought to deal

391

Primary

With no strokes but of sure dispatch, but, what with all his blood

392

Primary

He labour'd, Phœbus clear'd with ease, as being a God, and stood

393

Primary

For Hector's guard, as Pallas did, Æacides, for thine.

394

Primary

He rapt him from him, and a cloud of much night cast between

395

Primary

His person and the point oppos'd. Achilles then exclaim'd:

396

Primary

“O see, yet more Gods are at work. Apollo's hand hath fram'd,

397

Primary

Dog that thou art, thy rescue now; to whom go pay thy vows

398

Primary

Thy safety owes him, I shall vent in time those fatal blows

399

Primary

That yet beat in my heart on thine, if any God remain

400

Primary

My equal fautor. In mean time, my anger must maintain

401

Primary

His fire on other Ilians.” Then laid he at his feet

402

Primary

Great Demuchus, Philetor's son; and Dryope did greet

403

Primary

With like encounter. Dardanus and strong Laogonus,

404

Primary

Wise Bias' sons, he hurl'd from horse; of one victorious

405

Primary

With his close sword, the other's life he conquer'd with his lance.

406

Primary

Then Tros, Alastor's son, made in, and sought to scape their chance

407

Primary

With free submission. Down he fell, and pray'd about his knees

408

Primary

He would not kill him, but take ruth, as one that destinies

409

Primary

Made to that purpose, being a man born in the self same year

410

Primary

That he himself was. O poor fool, to sue to him to bear

411

Primary

A ruthful mind! He well might know, he could not fashion him

412

Primary

In ruth's soft mould, he had no spirit to brook that interim

413

Primary

In his hot fury, he was none of these remorseful men,

414

Primary

Gentle and affable, but fierce at all times, and mad then.

415

Primary

He gladly would have made a pray'r, and still so hugg'd his knee

416

Primary

He could not quit him; till at last his sword was fain to free

417

Primary

His fetter'd knees, that made a vent for his white liver's blood

418

Primary

That caus'd such pitiful affects; of which it pour'd a flood

419

Primary

About his bosom, which it fill'd, ev'n till it drown'd his eyes,

420

Primary

And all sense fail'd him. Forth then flew this prince of tragedies;

421

Primary

Who next stoop'd Mulius ev'n to death with his insatiate spear;

422

Primary

One ear it enter'd, and made good his pass to th' other ear.

423

Primary

Echeclus then, Agenor's son, he strook betwixt the brows;

424

Primary

Whose blood set fire upon his sword, that cool'd it till the throes

425

Primary

Of his then labouring brain let out his soul to fixéd fate,

426

Primary

And gave cold entry to black death. Deucalion then had state

427

Primary

In these men's beings, where the nerves about the elbow knit,

428

Primary

Down to his hand his spear's steel pierc'd, and brought such pain to it

429

Primary

As led death jointly; whom he saw before his fainting eyes,

430

Primary

And in his neck felt, with a stroke, laid on so, that off flies

431

Primary

His head. One of the twice-twelve bones, that all the backbone make,

432

Primary

Let out his marrow; when the head he, helm and all, did take,

433

Primary

And hurl'd amongst the Ilians; the body stretch'd on earth.

434

Primary

Rhigmus of fruitful Thrace next fell. He was the famous birth

435

Primary

Of Pireüs; his belly's midst the lance took, whose stern force

436

Primary

Quite tumbled him from chariot. In turning back the horse,

437

Primary

Their guider Areithous receiv'd another lance

438

Primary

That threw him to his lord. No end was put to the mischance

439

Primary

Achilles enter'd. But as fire, fall'n in a flash from heav'n,

440

Primary

Inflames the high woods of dry hills, and with a storm is driv'n

441

Primary

Through all the sylvan deeps; and raves, till down goes ev'rywhere

442

Primary

The smother'd hill; so ev'ry way Achilles and his spear

443

Primary

Consum'd the champain, the black earth flow'd with the veins he tore.

444

Primary

And look how oxen, yok'd and driv'n about the circular floor

445

Primary

Of some fair barn, tread suddenly the thick sheaves thin of corn,

446

Primary

And all the corn consum'd with chaff; so mix'd and overborne,

447

Primary

Beneath Achilles' one-hoof'd horse, shields, spears, and men, lay trod,

448

Primary

His axle-trees and chariot wheels, all spatter'd with the blood

449

Primary

Hurl'd from the steeds' hooves and the strakes. Thus, to be magnified,

450

Primary

His most inaccessible hands in human blood he dyed.

Text notes and edition context

Work

Iliad

The poem centers on Achilles' anger within the final weeks of the Trojan War and moves between battle spectacle, diplomatic failure, and grief.

Epic poem | Original language: Ancient Greek

Archaic Greek epic, traditionally placed around the 8th century BCE

You are reading Book 20.

Primary Edition

George Chapman

English | Verse

Early 17th-century English verse translation

Chapman is known for expansive Renaissance English and a forceful rhetorical style that often amplifies Homeric grandeur.

This reading-room default favors energy and musicality over modern literalness.

Source family: Legacy English epic core

Project Gutenberg | Public-domain source texts

English baseline corpus assembled from line-level public-domain ebook texts.

Primary source: Legacy English epic core | Project Gutenberg.